Underground subglacial channel to enable emission-free heating and cooling at Zurich Airport
Net-zero by 2040: this is the goal Flughafen Zürich AG has set itself. The company is now exploring innovative ways to replace fossil fuels. One promising project could be the use of a subglacial groove 300 meters below the airport surface. This channel, filled with water-bearing gravel, would serve as a heat and cold storage to heat and cool a significant proportion of the airport buildings without emitting CO2 emissions.
Heating and cooling the airport infrastructure accounts for by far the largest proportion of Flughafen Zürich AG's own CO2 emissions.
By moving away from fossil fuels such as oil and gas, we are making significant progress towards our goal of achieving zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2040. Geothermal energy plays a key role in this. We are already using innovative technologies such as energy piles and geothermal probes for environmentally friendly climate control when constructing new buildings.
By using an underground groove from the last ice age as heat and cold storage, an even more efficient and innovative technology could be used in the future. A project on this scale is unique in Switzerland to date.
First promising results
The experts at Flughafen Zürich AG worked closely with IG Rinne, a consortium consisting of engineering consultants at Geo Explorers, Sieber Cassina & Partner AG and E-Axiom GmbH, to develop a multi-stage process to analyze the potential of the channel as a storage. As a first step, seismic investigations were carried out. This allowed the channel depth, shape and rough layer structure to be mapped. Additional exploratory drilling at three locations confirmed the initial findings and provided promising additional information about the groove: it is up to one kilometer wide and around 30 kilometers long. The key factor, however, is its composition. The channel carries gravel and water and therefore fulfills the requirements of potential heat and cold storage. Excess heat from the summer can be stored in water-bearing gravel and taken out again for heating in the winter. In turn, the buildings can be cooled in the summer.
Pilot project with national reach
The next step is to construct a test well. Among other things, it will show what quantities of water can be pumped and what the flow rate and chemical composition of the water are. This in turn will determine where the final wells for pumping and returning the groundwater could be located and how many of them would be needed to use the channel an efficient storage. If too many wells are required, Flughafen Zürich AG would not be able to implement the project to full effect. However, the prospects are positive. The results of the explorations to date are promising. Regardless of the extent to which the channel can ultimately be used as a heat and cold storage for the airport, the current investigations are valuable and provide important new insights into the structure and groundwater of such deep channels and their development.
The project is being funded and supported by the Swiss Federal Office of Energy as a pilot project. We are making all the findings available to the scientific community and can thus contribute to research into emission-free cooling and heating systems.
If successful, Flughafen Zürich AG will be able to use the channel as a heat and cold storage starting in 2026. Flughafen Zürich AG estimates the investment costs for researching the channel and building the wells at between CHF 4 and 8 million - depending on the number and locations of the wells. In addition, there would be costs for pipelines and other technical measures. The project is being funded by the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (BFE) as a pilot project for geo-energy with a maximum of CHF 1 million.
Image gallery: Geophysical measurements and exploratory drilling at Zurich Airport.
All images can be downloaded and are freely available, subject to copyright.
Dominik Zimmermann, Project leader of Energy 2040 of Flughafen Zürich AG, is part of the team responsible for decarbonizing the airport infrastructure. In the video, he explains the function of the channel in reducing the CO2 emissions of Flughafen Zürich AG to net-zero by 2040.